Your First Estonian Conversations
Introduce Yourself
Imagine you have just met a new neighbor, colleague, or fellow student in Estonia.
They greet you and ask your name.
You already know how to say hello, thank someone, and explain that you're learning Estonian.
Now it's time to have your first real conversation about yourself.
In this lesson, you'll learn to share your name, where you're from, where you live, and which languages you speak.
You'll also learn to ask other people the same questions.
What You'll Learn
By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to:
- Tell someone your name.
- Ask someone their name politely.
- Say which country you're from.
- Say where you live.
- Explain which languages you speak.
- Ask simple personal questions.
- Introduce yourself using several connected sentences.
A1 learning goal: Give basic personal information and ask or answer simple questions about identity, origin, residence, and languages.
1. What's Your Name?
Let's begin with one of the most useful sentences in any language.
Minu nimi on Anna.
Meaning: My name is Anna.
To introduce yourself, simply replace Anna with your own name.
Understand the Pattern
- Minu — My
- nimi — Name
- on — Is
The pattern is:
Minu nimi on + your name.
Examples:
Minu nimi on Maria.
My name is Maria.
Minu nimi on David.
My name is David.
Minu nimi on Ahmed.
My name is Ahmed.
Your Turn
Say your own name aloud using the same pattern.
Try it three times without reading.
Another Way to Introduce Yourself
You can also say:
Mina olen Anna.
Meaning: I am Anna.
Or, more naturally in many everyday conversations:
Ma olen Anna.
Meaning: I'm Anna.
Both are correct.
We'll explore the difference between mina and ma later in this lesson.
2. Asking Someone's Name
To ask someone's name politely:
Mis teie nimi on?
Meaning: What is your name?
This is appropriate when speaking to someone you don't know or in a formal situation.
Informal Version
When speaking with a friend, child, or someone you address informally:
Mis sinu nimi on?
Meaning: What's your name?
Compare
| Estonian | English | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Mis teie nimi on? | What is your name? | Polite/formal |
| Mis sinu nimi on? | What's your name? | Informal |
First Conversation
Listen to this short introduction.
Tere! Tere! Mis teie nimi on? Minu nimi on Anna. Mis teie nimi on? Minu nimi on Martin. Väga meeldiv!
English Translation
Martin: Hello!
Anna: Hello!
Martin: What is your name?
Anna: My name is Anna. What's your name?
Martin: My name is Martin.
Anna: Nice to meet you!
A Useful New Expression
Väga meeldiv!
Meaning: Very pleased! / Nice to meet you!
This is a useful polite expression when meeting someone.
You can also say:
Meeldiv tutvuda!
Meaning: Nice to meet you!
Practice both, but prioritize recognizing them rather than memorizing two alternatives immediately.
3. Where Are You From?
Estonia is home to people from many different countries.
One of the first questions you may hear is:
Kust te pärit olete?
Meaning: Where are you from? (polite)
Informal Version
Kust sa pärit oled?
Meaning: Where are you from? (informal)
How to Answer
Ma olen Eestist.
Meaning: I'm from Estonia.
Ma olen Soomest.
Meaning: I'm from Finland.
Ma olen Bangladeshist.
Meaning: I'm from Bangladesh.
Ma olen Indiast.
Meaning: I'm from India.
Ma olen Ukrainast.
Meaning: I'm from Ukraine.
Ma olen Saksamaalt.
Meaning: I'm from Germany.
Notice the Pattern
In Estonian, the form of a country name often changes when you say where you're from.
Examples:
| Country | From |
|---|---|
| Eesti | Eestist |
| Soome | Soomest |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshist |
| India | Indiast |
| Ukraina | Ukrainast |
| Saksamaa | Saksamaalt |
Notice that many forms end in -st, while others end in -lt.
These are examples of Estonian location-related case forms.
You don't need to memorize the complete grammar system now.
For A1, learn the correct form of your own country and recognize common examples.
Your Turn
Complete this sentence with your country:
Ma olen ...
If you're unsure of the Estonian form of your country's name, look it up before practicing rather than guessing the ending.
4. Where Do You Live?
Now let's learn how to tell someone where you live.
Ma elan Tallinnas.
Meaning: I live in Tallinn.
Break It Down
- Ma — I
- elan — Live
- Tallinnas — In Tallinn
More Examples
Ma elan Tartus.
I live in Tartu.
Ma elan Pärnus.
I live in Pärnu.
Ma elan Narvas.
I live in Narva.
Ma elan Eestis.
I live in Estonia.
Asking Someone Where They Live
Polite:
Kus te elate?
Meaning: Where do you live?
Informal:
Kus sa elad?
Meaning: Where do you live?
A Short Conversation
Kus sa elad? Ma elan Tallinnas. Kas sa elad kesklinnas? Ei, ma elan Mustamäel.
English Translation
Person A: Where do you live?
Person B: I live in Tallinn.
Person A: Do you live in the city center?
Person B: No, I live in Mustamäe.
Two New Expressions
Kesklinnas.
Meaning: In the city center.
Mustamäel.
Meaning: In Mustamäe, a district of Tallinn.
Notice that location endings are not always identical.
For now, learn useful locations as complete expressions.
You'll explore the patterns in more detail later in the course.
5. Where vs. From Where
You have now encountered two important Estonian question words.
Kus?
Meaning: Where?
Kust?
Meaning: From where?
Compare these two sentences:
Ma elan Eestis.
I live in Estonia.
Ma olen Eestist.
I'm from Estonia.
Understand the Difference
Kus? asks about someone's current location or residence.
Kust? asks about origin or where someone comes from.
| Question | Example response |
|---|---|
| Kus sa elad? | Ma elan Tallinnas. |
| Kust sa pärit oled? | Ma olen Eestist. |
Practice
Choose the correct question word.
- _____ sa elad?
- _____ sa pärit oled?
Answers:
- Kus
- Kust
This is your first introduction to how Estonian expresses different relationships to places.
We'll revisit these patterns in future lessons.
6. What Languages Do You Speak?
You already learned this expression in Lesson 2:
Ma räägin natuke eesti keelt.
Meaning: I speak a little Estonian.
Now let's make more sentences using the same pattern.
English
Ma räägin inglise keelt.
I speak English.
Estonian
Ma räägin eesti keelt.
I speak Estonian.
Finnish
Ma räägin soome keelt.
I speak Finnish.
Russian
Ma räägin vene keelt.
I speak Russian.
Bengali
Ma räägin bengali keelt.
I speak Bengali.
Speaking Multiple Languages
Ma räägin inglise ja bengali keelt.
Meaning: I speak English and Bengali.
The word ja means and.
Asking Someone
Polite:
Mis keeli te räägite?
Meaning: What languages do you speak?
Informal:
Mis keeli sa räägid?
Meaning: What languages do you speak?
Example Conversation
Mis keeli sa räägid? Ma räägin inglise ja soome keelt. Kas sa räägid eesti keelt? Natuke. Ma õpin eesti keelt. Väga tore!
English Translation
Person A: What languages do you speak?
Person B: I speak English and Finnish.
Person A: Do you speak Estonian?
Person B: A little. I'm learning Estonian.
Person A: Very nice!
Grammar Discovery
Look at these three sentences:
- Ma räägin inglise keelt.
- Ma räägin soome keelt.
- Ma räägin eesti keelt.
Only the language name changes.
This is a reusable sentence pattern.
You don't need to construct the entire sentence from scratch every time.
7. Ma vs. Mina
You have encountered two words meaning "I":
Ma olen Anna.
Mina olen Anna.
Both mean I am Anna.
What's the difference?
Ma
Ma is the shorter, commonly used form.
It's natural in everyday conversation.
Mina
Mina is the full form.
It can be used for emphasis or contrast.
For example:
Mina olen Anna. Aga sina? Mina olen Martin.
Meaning:
I'm Anna. And you?
I'm Martin.
The Same Pattern Applies to You
| Short form | Full form | English |
|---|---|---|
| ma | mina | I |
| sa | sina | You (informal singular) |
| ta | tema | He / She |
We'll learn the complete set of personal pronouns when we study verbs more systematically.
For now, prioritize ma and sa for everyday conversations.
8. Your First Important Verb: Olema
The Estonian verb olema means to be.
You've already seen several forms.
Ma olen Anna.
I am Anna.
Sa oled Martin.
You are Martin.
Ta on õpetaja.
He or she is a teacher.
Present-Tense Forms
| Pronoun | Verb | English |
|---|---|---|
| ma / mina | olen | I am |
| sa / sina | oled | You are (informal) |
| ta / tema | on | He / She is |
| me / meie | oleme | We are |
| te / teie | olete | You are (polite/plural) |
| nad / nemad | on | They are |
Listen to a few examples:
Me oleme Eestis.
We are in Estonia.
Te olete õpetaja.
You are a teacher. (polite)
Nad on Tallinnas.
They are in Tallinn.
Important
Don't attempt to memorize every form perfectly in one sitting.
At this stage, your priority is:
- Ma olen
- Sa oled
- Ta on
- Te olete
These forms will appear repeatedly throughout the course.
9. Asking Yes/No Questions with Kas
In Lesson 2, you learned:
Kas te räägite inglise keelt?
Meaning: Do you speak English?
The word kas introduces a yes/no question.
Let's reuse it with familiar vocabulary.
Kas sa oled Eestist?
Are you from Estonia?
Kas sa elad Tallinnas?
Do you live in Tallinn?
Kas te räägite eesti keelt?
Do you speak Estonian? (polite)
Answering
Jah, olen.
Yes, I am.
Ei, ma ei ole.
No, I'm not.
Jah, elan küll.
Yes, I do live there.
Ei, ma ei ela Tallinnas.
No, I don't live in Tallinn.
Grammar Discovery
Compare:
Statement
Sa elad Tallinnas.
You live in Tallinn.
Question
Kas sa elad Tallinnas?
Do you live in Tallinn?
You can form many simple yes/no questions by adding kas to the beginning of a statement.
This is a powerful A1 sentence-building pattern.
10. Your First Complete Introduction
Now combine everything you've learned into one short introduction.
Listen first.
Tere! Minu nimi on Maria. Ma olen Ukrainast. Ma elan Tallinnas. Ma räägin ukraina ja inglise keelt. Ma õpin eesti keelt. Väga meeldiv!
English Translation
Hello!
My name is Maria.
I'm from Ukraine.
I live in Tallinn.
I speak Ukrainian and English.
I'm learning Estonian.
Nice to meet you!
Notice the Structure
Every sentence communicates one clear piece of information.
- Greeting
- Name
- Origin
- Residence
- Languages
- Learning Estonian
- Polite closing
You don't need complicated grammar to introduce yourself successfully.
Your Turn
Create your own introduction using this structure.
My introduction:
- Tere!
- Minu nimi on ...
- Ma olen ...
- Ma elan ...
- Ma räägin ... keelt.
- Ma õpin eesti keelt.
- Väga meeldiv!
Try reading it aloud.
Then repeat it without looking.
11. Real-Life Dialogue: Meeting a New Neighbor
Imagine moving into an apartment building in Tallinn.
You meet a neighbor for the first time.
Tere! Tere! Minu nimi on Anna. Mis sinu nimi on? Mina olen David. Väga meeldiv! Meeldiv tutvuda! Kust sa pärit oled? Ma olen Inglismaalt. Kas sa elad siin? Jah, ma elan siin. Kas sa räägid eesti keelt? Natuke. Ma õpin eesti keelt. Väga tore!
English Translation
Anna: Hello!
David: Hello!
Anna: My name is Anna. What's your name?
David: I'm David.
Anna: Nice to meet you!
David: Nice to meet you!
Anna: Where are you from?
David: I'm from England.
Anna: Do you live here?
David: Yes, I live here.
Anna: Do you speak Estonian?
David: A little. I'm learning Estonian.
Anna: Very nice!
New Vocabulary
Siin.
Meaning: Here.
Kas sa elad siin?
Meaning: Do you live here?
Ma olen Inglismaalt.
Meaning: I'm from England.
Practice
Read the dialogue twice.
First, speak as Anna.
Then, speak as David.
Finally, replace David's personal information with your own.
12. Listening Practice
Listen to the expressions and identify the information being communicated.
Listening 1
Minu nimi on Martin.
What is the person's name?
Listening 2
Ma elan Tartus.
Which city does the person live in?
Listening 3
Ma olen Soomest.
Where is the person from?
Listening 4
Ma räägin inglise keelt.
Which language does the person speak?
Listening 5
Kas sa elad Tallinnas?
Is this a statement or a question?
Listening Answers
- Martin.
- Tartu.
- Finland.
- English.
- A question.
Listening Challenge
Listen again without looking at the written sentences.
Try to recognize the key information only from the audio.
This is an important step toward real A1 listening comprehension.
13. Reading Practice
Read this introduction.
Tere! Minu nimi on Liisa. Ma olen Eestist. Ma elan Pärnus. Ma räägin eesti ja inglise keelt. Ma olen õpetaja.
Answer the Questions
- What is the person's name?
- Which country is she from?
- Where does she live?
- Which languages does she speak?
- What is her profession?
Answers
- Liisa.
- Estonia.
- Pärnu.
- Estonian and English.
- Teacher.
14. Writing Practice
Complete the sentences using the correct words.
Words: nimi, elan, olen, räägin, õpin
Exercise 1
Minu _____ on Anna.
Exercise 2
Ma _____ Tallinnas.
Exercise 3
Ma _____ Eestist.
Exercise 4
Ma _____ inglise keelt.
Exercise 5
Ma _____ eesti keelt.
Answers
- nimi
- elan
- olen
- räägin
- õpin
Write About Yourself
Write a short introduction containing at least five sentences.
Include:
- Your name
- Your country of origin
- Your city
- A language you speak
- The fact that you're learning Estonian
Use the examples from this lesson as support.
15. Knowledge Check
Choose the correct answer for each question.
Question 1
How do you politely ask someone their name?
A. Kus te elate?
B. Mis teie nimi on?
C. Kuidas läheb?
Question 2
Which sentence means "I live in Tallinn"?
A. Ma olen Tallinnast.
B. Ma elan Tallinnas.
C. Ma räägin Tallinnas.
Question 3
What does Kust? mean?
A. Where?
B. When?
C. From where?
Question 4
Which is the correct form of "I am"?
A. Ma oled
B. Ma olen
C. Ma on
Question 5
How do you ask "Do you live in Tallinn?" informally?
A. Kas sa elad Tallinnas?
B. Kust sa pärit oled?
C. Ma elan Tallinnas.
Question 6
What is the difference between ma and mina?
A. They refer to different people.
B. Mina is the full form and can add emphasis.
C. Ma is only used when speaking formally.
Answer Key
- B
- B
- C
- B
- A
- B
16. Speaking Challenge: A New Colleague
Imagine it's your first day at work in Estonia.
A colleague introduces themselves.
You need to respond naturally.
Part A — Answer the Questions
Your colleague asks:
Mis sinu nimi on?
Say your name in Estonian.
Next:
Kust sa pärit oled?
Say which country you're from.
Next:
Kus sa elad?
Say where you live.
Next:
Mis keeli sa räägid?
Say which languages you speak.
Part B — Ask Questions
Now reverse the conversation.
Ask your colleague:
- What's your name?
- Where are you from?
- Where do you live?
- What languages do you speak?
Use polite or informal forms consistently.
Part C — No Notes
Introduce yourself using at least four complete sentences without looking at your notes.
If you forget a word, remember what you learned in Lesson 2:
Palun korrake.
Ma õpin eesti keelt.
These expressions help you continue learning and communicating.
17. Real-World Mission
Your goal is to introduce yourself in Estonian.
Choose one of these challenges.
Mission A — Easy
Say your name and where you live.
Example:
Tere! Minu nimi on Anna. Ma elan Tallinnas.
Mission B — Intermediate
Add your country and the languages you speak.
Example:
Tere! Minu nimi on Martin. Ma olen Soomest. Ma elan Tartus. Ma räägin soome ja inglise keelt.
Mission C — Challenge
Have a short conversation with someone.
Ask their name and where they live.
Answer at least two questions about yourself.
If possible, try this with an Estonian-speaking colleague, neighbor, classmate, or friend.
If that isn't possible, practice aloud using the role-play questions from this lesson.
18. Lesson Summary
You've learned to introduce yourself and exchange basic personal information.
Essential Expressions
| Estonian | English |
|---|---|
| Minu nimi on ... | My name is ... |
| Ma olen ... | I am ... |
| Mis teie nimi on? | What is your name? (polite) |
| Mis sinu nimi on? | What's your name? (informal) |
| Kust te pärit olete? | Where are you from? (polite) |
| Kust sa pärit oled? | Where are you from? (informal) |
| Ma olen Eestist. | I'm from Estonia. |
| Ma elan Tallinnas. | I live in Tallinn. |
| Kus te elate? | Where do you live? (polite) |
| Kus sa elad? | Where do you live? (informal) |
| Ma räägin inglise keelt. | I speak English. |
| Ma õpin eesti keelt. | I'm learning Estonian. |
| Mis keeli sa räägid? | What languages do you speak? |
| Väga meeldiv! | Nice to meet you! |
| Meeldiv tutvuda! | Nice to meet you! |
Grammar You've Started Learning
- Personal pronouns: ma, sa, ta, me, te, nad
- Full and short forms: mina / ma, sina / sa
- Present tense of olema (to be)
- First-person verb forms: elan, räägin, õpin
- Yes/no questions with kas
- Question words: mis, kus, kust
- Introductory location and origin forms
- Polite and informal address
You don't need to master every grammatical detail yet.
These patterns will return in later lessons.
19. A1 Progress Check
This lesson develops the following CEFR A1 foundation skills.
Listening
Understand short, clearly spoken questions about personal information.
Speaking
Give a short introduction containing your name, origin, residence, and languages.
Interaction
Ask and answer simple questions about yourself and another person.
Reading
Understand a short written personal introduction.
Writing
Write several simple sentences about yourself.
Grammar
Recognize basic personal pronouns, present-tense forms, questions, and location expressions.
Before Moving On
Check whether you can:
- Say your name in Estonian.
- Ask someone their name.
- Say which country you're from.
- Say where you live.
- Say which languages you speak.
- Ask someone where they're from.
- Introduce yourself in at least four sentences.
- Write a short personal introduction without copying.
If you can complete these activities, you're ready for the next lesson.
